1. In each of these cases the plaintiff or plaintiffs bring suit against D in state court in New York. In which of these cases is D’s attempt to remove the case to federal court most likely to succeed?
a. P (a French subject admitted for permanent residency in the U.S. who is domiciled in New York) sues D (a German subject admitted for permanent residency in the U.S. who is domiciled in New Jersey). P’s suit is for violation of New York negligence law in connection with a car accident in New York. P asks for $100,000 in damages.
b. P (a citizen of New York), who is a beneficiary of a trust, sues the trustee, D (a citizen of California). P claims that D violated his fiduciary obligations to P under New York trust law by investing in securities that are illegal under federal law.
c. P (a New York citizen) sues D (French citizen domiciled in France) under New York law for $100,000 in child support that D owes P for care of P’s and D’s children in New York.
d. P1 and P2 (both citizens of California) own separate lots adjacent to property in New York owned by D (a citizen of New York). P1 and P2 sue D under New York nuisance law, requesting an injunction prohibiting D from building a rendering plant on his property. Alternatively, they ask for $40,000 each, which is the damages they will sustain from the plant’s operation. The cost of D’s abiding by the injunction is $80,000.
e. P1, a New York citizen, and P2, a California citizen, sue D, a California citizen, for violations of New York negligence law concerning a car accident in New York. P1 asks for $100,000 in damages from D, but P2 asks for only $20,000.